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Objective:To analyze the superficial retinal blood flow around the optic disc of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) patients with affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes, compared with healthy people.Methods:From May 2018 to may 2019, 30 patients with NA-AION in Xi′an No. 1 Hospital were selected. The changes of superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc on OCTA of 30 patients with NA-AION, whose contralateral healthy eyes were compared. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of both eyes was also compared. 30 healthy people with no history of eye disease and history of eye surgery were selected as healthy control group, and differences between healthy control group and contralateral healthy eye group in NA-AION patients of the superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc were compared.Results:The average values of serum homocysteine, apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein in 30 patients with NA-AION were higher than the normal reference range. Compared with the contralateral healthy eyes, the effected eyes of NA-AION patients had lower retinal blood flow density and perfusion in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc, with significantly difference ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of PVEP-P100 between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the density and perfusion of superficial retinal blood flow in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc between the contralateral healthy eyes of NA-AION patients and healthy control ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OCTA is a safe, rapid and non-invasive test, and it can detect blood perfusion defects promptly, which can be used as the most commonly test method for patients with NA-AION in order to make auxiliary diagnosis and gain time for clinical treatment.
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Objective: To study the content variation and chemical composition of Siwu Decoction between mixed decoction and single decoction comprehensively, and then explore variation rule of Siwu Decoction by different decocting methods based on material basis. Methods: Components of Siwu Decoction were identified by LC-MS/MS and an UPLC wavelength switching method for simultaneously determining the contents of multiple compounds in Siwu Decoction was established based on the idea of TCM chemistry holography. The mixed and single decoction samples were prepared and tested. Experimental data was compared to analyze material basis differences and variation rule of Siwu Decoction by different decocting methods. Results: A total of 72 compounds were identified and assigned, 18 compounds were quantitative detected and all of 18 analytes showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999) within the test range. The relative standard deviations of the precision, repeatability and stability were not exceeding 2.0%, and the recoveries were in the range of 97%-105%. Analysis of Siwu Decoction samples showed dissolution of ligustilide, 3-n- butylphthalide, catechin, gallic acid and paeoniflorin was affected by the change of solvent volume and dissolution of aucubin, catechin, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin and acteoside were higher in mixed decoction than single decoction obviously. Compared to single decoction, the kinds of compounds in mixed decoction did not change significantly but the content showed notable variety. Conclusion: Through the study of chemistry holography, the composition and content of compounds in TCM mixed decoction and herbs single decoction can be compared and analyzed comprehensively to provide a new perspective for the study on the rule of TCM decoction and dissolution. TCM chemistry holography study may become a useful exploration of the TCM quality study.
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Research on the deposition of inhaled particles in human pulmonary acinus region is important to the pathogenesis investigation, prevention and treatment of lung diseases. Most of the current research focus on the final deposition fraction of inhaled particles in human acinar region, but little is involved in their dynamic deposition characteristics. In this paper, five multi-alveolar models, G3-G7, were built. The evaluation parameter 1/4 deposition time was introduced to study the particle deposition speed. The deposition characteristics of particles in the diameter ranging 0.1-5 μm were numerically simulated and summarized under the influence of factors such as the generation and structure of model, particle diameter and respiratory mode, shedding some new light on the further research of transport of inhaled particles. The results showed that the generation and structure of model had a significance effect on the deposition of particles. 0.1 μm particles were dominated by Brownian diffusion, which experienced a high deposition fraction, a fast deposition speed and a logarithmic deposition curve, while 5 μm particles were dominated by gravitational sedimentation, with a high deposition fraction, a fast deposition speed and an S-shaped deposition curve. The deposition of 0.3-1 μm particles were influenced greatly by convention and varied with the change of respiratory mode. The research methods and results in this paper can provide theoretical basis and data support for the further exploration of the mechanism, prevention and treatment of lung diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aerosols , Computer Simulation , Lung , Models, Biological , Particle SizeABSTRACT
The inhalation and deposition of particles in human pulmonary acinus region can cause lung diseases. Numerical simulation of the deposition of inhaled particles in the pulmonary acinus region has offered an effective gateway to the prevention and clinical treatment of these diseases. Based on some important affecting factors such as pulmonary acinar models, model motion, breathing patterns, particulate characteristics, lung diseases and ages, the present research results of numerical simulation in human pulmonary acinus region were summarized and analyzed, and the future development directions were put forward in this paper, providing new insights into the further research and application of the numerical simulation in the pulmonary acinus region.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aerosols , Computer Simulation , Lung , Physiology , Models, Biological , Particle Size , Pulmonary Alveoli , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Research on the deposition of inhalable particles in the alveoli of the lungs is important to the causes, development for common respiratory diseases such as emphysema, and even the optimization of clinical treatment and prevention programs of them. In this paper, an experimental model was established to simulate the deposition of terminal bronchioles and pulmonary acinus particles. The deposition rate of inhalable particles with different particle sizes in the pulmonary acinus was studied under different functional residual capacity. The results showed that the particle diameter was an important factor affecting the deposition of particles in the lung alveoli. Particles with 1 μm diameter had the highest deposition rate. With the functional residual capacity increasing, particulate deposition rate significantly reduced. The results of this study may provide data support and optimization strategy for target inhalation therapy of respiratory diseases such as emphysema and pneumoconiosis. The established model may also provide a feasible experimental model for studying the deposition of inhalable particles in the pulmonary alveoli.
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Objective To compare T2* value in healthy and diseased achilles tendons (AT) using 3D-ultra-short echo time (UTE),and to analyze the correlation between T2* value and clinical scores.Methods Fifteen patients (patients group) and ten volunteers (control group) were included and underwent an MR scan with UTE sequence.The T2* value of four ROI in AT were calculated.Independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences of T2* value between two groups.The correlation of T2* values with the American Orthopaedic Foot and ankle society ankle hindfoot scale (AOFAS) and achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) were analyzed.Results The T2* value of four ROI were statistically significantly higher in patients group than those of control group.There were negative correlation between T2* and AOFAS or ATRS scores (r=-0.92,-0.90,both P＜0.01).Conclusion The T2* value of pathologic AT increases.The quantitative MRI UTE-T2* can evaluate AT from the biochemical structure and correlates with clinical outcomes,which is helpful to diagnose AT in the early stage.
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Objective To construct the Hut78 cell line with EZH2 gene knocked into by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Methods The EZH2 expression vector pMD-18T-EZH2 with homologous arm and the sgRNA expression vector pSpCas9 (BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA, which could cut the double stranded genomic DNA, were constructed, and the two vectors were co-transfected into Hut78 cells. Then the expression of EZH2 mRNA was detected by qPCR, and the expressions of EZH2 and H3K27me3 proteins were detected by Western blot assay. Results The pMD-18T-EZH2 and pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA recombinant vectors were confirmed by DNA sequencing. When Hut78 cells were transfected with the two recombinant plasmid, qPCR results showed that the expression of EZH2 mRNA was significantly increased, and Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of EZH2 and H3K27me3 proteins were significantly increased. Conclusion EZH2 gene is successfully knocked into Hut78 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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This study examined endogenous cannabinoid (ECB)-anandamide (AEA) and its can-nabinoid receptors (CBR) in mice liver with the development of schistosomajaponicum.Mice were infected with schistosoma by means of pasting the cercaria onto their abdomens.Liver fibrosis was pathologically confirmed nine weeks after the infection.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the concentration of AEA in the plasma of mice.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CBR 1 and CBR2 in liver tissue.Morphological examination showed typical pathological changes,with worm tubercles of schistosoma deposited in the liver tissue,fibrosis around the worm tubercles and infiltration or soakage ofinfiammatory cells.Also,CBRI and CBR2 were present in hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoids of the two groups,but they were obviously enhanced in the schistosoma-infected mice.However,the average optical density of CBR1 in the negative control and fibrosis group was 13.28±7.32 and 30.55±7.78,and CBR2 were 28.13±6.42 and 52.29±4.24 (P<0.05).The levels of AEA in the fibrosis group were significantly increased as compared with those of the control group.The concentrations of AEA were (0.37±0.07) and (5.67±1.34) ng/mL (P<0.05).It is concluded that the expression of endocannabinoids AEA and its cannabinoid receptor CBR were significantly increased in schistosoma-infected mice.Endogenous endocannabinoids may be involved in the development of schistosoma-induced liver fibrosis.
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Objective To study the effects of preoperative psychological state on calm time、recovery time and the level of pain about female tumer patients with general anesthesia.Methods We selected 105 female tumer patients whose ages were from 39 years to 66 years.They were divided into two groups according to SAS grade.We observed the calm time,recovery time and the VAS about the two groups.Results The calm time and reeovery time in disquieting group was significant longer than that of the normal group.There was a significant difference between group A and group B(P＜0.01).Otherwise the grade of VAS after operation was significant greater than that of the normal group.Conclusion The disquieting preoperative psychological state would effect the results of general anesthesia.The anesthetist should pay attention to the visiting patients before operation.